Tranexamic acid has become a buzzword in dermatology, especially for those struggling with stubborn pigmentation like melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. But what is it, and how does it work?
What Is Tranexamic Acid?
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine. Originally used in medicine to reduce bleeding, it has gained popularity in skincare for its ability to address skin discoloration when applied topically. Dermatologists now recommend it for fading persistent brown patches and improving overall skin tone.
How Does Tranexamic Acid Work for Pigmentation?
Unlike many traditional pigment-correcting agents, tranexamic acid interrupts the chemical pathways that trigger excess melanin production. Specifically, it helps prevent the transfer of pigment-producing cells into the upper layers of the skin, making it effective for managing conditions like melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This mechanism sets it apart from other ingredients such as hydroquinone or vitamin C.
Forms and Usage
Tranexamic acid is available in several forms: topical serums, oral tablets (prescription only), and, less commonly, injectables. Most over-the-counter skincare products contain tranexamic acid in concentrations around 1.5–3%. Topical formulations are generally well tolerated and suitable for all skin types, with fewer side effects compared to other acids. Oral tranexamic acid is typically reserved for more severe cases and should only be used under medical supervision due to potential systemic side effects.
How Effective Is It?
Clinical studies show that topical tranexamic acid can improve pigmentation within 3–8 weeks, especially when combined with other treatments like lasers or chemical peels. It is often used alongside other pigment correctors such as arbutin, azelaic acid, or kojic acid for enhanced results. While topical forms are effective for many, oral tranexamic acid may offer more dramatic improvements but comes with higher risks and should be prescribed by a dermatologist.
Safety and Considerations
Tranexamic acid serums are generally safe for long-term use and suitable for all skin types, though higher concentrations can cause irritation, especially in sensitive skin. Oral forms are not recommended during pregnancy. As with any potent skincare ingredient, it’s best to introduce tranexamic acid gradually and consult a dermatologist for personalized advice.
Takeaway
Tranexamic acid is a versatile and well-tolerated option for treating stubborn pigmentation, offering both topical and oral solutions for a range of skin types and severities. Its unique mechanism and safety profile make it a valuable addition to modern pigmentation management.
